Talking about Specific Schools in a Graduate Personal Statement

Many universities ask the seemingly innocuous question: â€Å"Why (Name of School)?† for their application essay question.Applicants may not be sure what an admissions office is looking for when they ask the â€Å"why specific school statement graduate school.† The school is asking why you chose them over all the other options.The university wants to know why they appealed to you and what you plan to study. They want to know why you chose them before they choose you.If you are applying to several schools and they all ask this question, you may be spending a great deal of time analyzing your decisions. If you have an outline to work with, it will be easier to respond to the â€Å"why specific school† statement graduate school.Talking about Specific Schools in a Graduate Personal StatementAn outline for the â€Å"why specific school† statement graduate could include some of the following ideas:Discuss location of campus relative to student. Is it â€Å"geog raphically desirable?† Or is it not a factor to be considered? Are there cultural events available in the area?What is the reputation of the school?Consider the program(s) which you are interested in pursuing. Does this school offer one of the best programs for this field? Is it a specialized field which is difficult to find at other schools?Review professors in the program of interest. Select a few names and course titles to provide support for the Why response.Are there extracurricular activities which appeal to you? Social events? Recreational sports?Does the school have a strong athletic program? Will you be going to games? Are you interested in being on a team?Will there be TA opportunities for you, if you are interested? Tutoring?Is there an active research program with labs in your field of interest?Are there local volunteer opportunities which will match your area of interest?The best part of a â€Å"why specific school† statement graduate school is that it will cause you to consider why you have decided to apply to a school. The outline above will aid in focusing on reasons why a school may be attractive to the applicant.

Lesbian relationships Essays

Lesbian relationships Essays Lesbian relationships Essay Lesbian relationships Essay Discuss research into understudied relationships, such as gay and lesbian relationships, and mediated (e.g. Internet and txt) relationships  One type of understudied relationship is homosexual relationships. These have been found to be different to heterosexual relationships in certain ways but similar in others by a variety of different research. They may differ in terms of attraction formation, maintenance, or dissolution. As far as attraction is concerned, Davidson found that gay men were likely to look for similar characteristics to those of heterosexual men, and were likely to portray similar characteristics about themselves, such as physical attractiveness and status. Huston Schwartz found that lesbians were in a similar fashion likely to look for characteristics such as a good personality in the partner, both of which are characteristic of male and female attraction according to the sociobiological theory. It may therefore be that attraction in homosexual relationships is very similar to that of heterosexual relationships. Such attraction may lead to the formation of a relationship. This is likely to differ, as with heterosexual relationships the needs of a man and a woman are likely to be different, whereas if two people of the same gender form a relationship, the needs are likely to be similar. This may lead to problems in initiating activity, or may cause competition, a viewpoint supported by Kitzunger Coyle, who found that in the formation of lesbian relationships, it was necessary for one partner to be more assertive than the other in order for dates, intimacy, etc., to be initiated. The maintenance of homosexual relationships may differ to some extent to that of heterosexual relationships for similar reasons. Whereas traditionally in heterosexual relationships the man and woman differ in terms of rewards seeked and efforts needed to be put in, in homosexual relationships these may be more similar. Indeed, Huston Schwartz found that cohabiting homosexual men had more sex on average than any other type of cohabiting couple, whereas lesbians had the least. This is reflected by the sociobiological theorys depiction of men as spreading their seed and women as tending and befriending others. As a result, maintenance strategies may differ from homosexual relationships. Huston Schwartz found that in gay male relationships, confrontational conversation was used as a means of sparring for a higher status, whereas in lesbian couples it was avoided as it would pose a risk to intimacy and cooperation. This is however contested by Kollock et al., who found that the more assertive partner in a lesbian relationship would often use aggressive conversational tactics such as interruption. Homosexual and heterosexual couples may also differ in terms of breakdown. An example of this is the finding by Becker that lesbian relationships often break down when one partner falls in love with another woman, and that the breakup is initiated by that partner. However, another study found that infidelity in homosexual relationships does not necessarily cause disagreement between the partners. The above research accentuates the differences between homosexual and heterosexual relationships, but it is much more likely that they are more similar than different. Silverstein argues that this difference arises because homosexual samples are usually derived from gay bars and gay neighbuorhoods, which are characterised by temporary and casual, often sexual, relationships. It is likely that the results therefore paint a negative image of homosexual relationships, and that the sample and findings are unrepresentative of the general homosexual population. Computer-mediated (CM) relationships are another understudied type of relationship. This relatively recent phenomenon may have occurred as a result of the increased popularity of the internet, and is when relationships form or are maintained without the necessity of geographical proximity. According to Hellerstein, heavy users of e-mail were likely to form more relationships online, many of which then continued offline, whereas light users of email formed relationships in other ways. Chenault argues that such relationships may be successful because we seek to read between the lines of text-based speech; that is, small differences such as punctuation, capitalisation and the use of smileys are likely to greatly affect the interpretation of the text. Therefore, we may derive as much socially from CM conversation as from face-to-face covnersation. This argument is supported by Walther, who founded that participants reported perceiving slow replies to email as being more intimate than quick responses. This indicates a degree of reading between the lines. However, other researchers have argued that CM relationships cause a social vacuum which cannot satisfy a persons needs with regard to what can be derived from a relationship. They argue that the deindividuation that occurs by means of CM relationships makes it impossible to know the true personality of the other person in the relationship. However, Young argues that this deindividuation is beneficial for those who have low self-esteem or are too shy to initiate a relationship face-to-face, and may allow them to express their feelings in a more secure way before continuing the relationship.

10 Fascinating Facts About Beetles

10 Fascinating Facts About Beetles Beetles inhabit nearly every ecological niche on the planet. This group includes some of our most beloved bugs, as well as our most reviled pests. Here are 10 fascinating facts about beetles, our largest insect order. One out of Every Four Animals on Earth Is a Beetle Beetles are the largest group of living organisms known to science, bar none. Even with plants included in the count, one in every five known organisms is a beetle. Scientists have described over 350,000 species of beetles, with many more still undiscovered, undoubtedly. By some estimates, there may be as many as 3 million beetle species living on the planet. The order Coleoptera is the largest order in the entire animal kingdom. Beetles Live Everywhere You can find beetles almost anywhere on the planet, from pole to pole, according to entomologist Stephen Marshall. They inhabit both terrestrial and freshwater aquatic habitats, from forests to grasslands, deserts to tundras, and from beaches to mountaintops. You can even find beetles on some of the worlds most remote islands. The British geneticist (and atheist) J. B. S. Haldane is purported to have said that God must have an inordinate fondness for beetles. Perhaps this accounts for their presence and number in every corner of this globe we call Earth. Most Adult Beetles Wear Body Armor One of the traits that make beetles so easy to recognize is their hardened forewings, which serve as armor to protect the more delicate flight wings and soft abdomen underneath. The famed philosopher Aristotle coined the order name Coleoptera, which comes from the Greek koleon, meaning sheathed, and ptera, meaning wings. When beetles fly, they hold these protective wing covers (called elytra) out to the sides, allowing the hindwings to move freely and keep them airborne. Beetles Vary Dramatically in Size As you would expect from a group of insects so numerous, beetles range in size from nearly microscopic to downright gigantic. The shortest beetles are the featherwing beetles (family Ptiliidae), most of which measure less than 1 millimeter long. Of these, the smallest of all is a species called the fringed ant beetle, Nanosella fungi, which reaches only 0.25 mm in length and weighs just 0.4 milligrams. On the other end of the size spectrum, the Goliath beetle (Goliathus goliathus) tips the scales at 100 grams. The longest known beetle hails from South America. The appropriately named Titanus giganteus can reach 20 centimeters long. Adult Beetles Chew Their Food That might seem obvious, but not all insects do so. Butterflies, for example, sip liquid nectar from their own built-in straw, called a proboscis. One common trait all adult beetles and most beetle larvae share is mandibulate mouthparts, made just for chewing. Most beetles feed on plants, but some (like ladybugs) hunt and eat smaller insect prey. Carrion feeders use those strong jaws to gnaw on skin or hides. A few even feed on fungus. Whatever theyre dining on, beetles chew their food thoroughly before swallowing. In fact, the common name beetle is thought to derive from the Old English word bitela, meaning little biter. Beetles Have a Big Impact on the Economy Only a tiny fraction of the overall insect population can be considered pests; most insects never cause us any trouble at all. But because so many are phytophagous, the order Coleoptera does include quite a few pests of economic importance. Bark beetles (like the mountain pine beetle) and wood-borers (such as the exotic emerald ash borer) kill millions of trees each year. Farmers spend millions on pesticides and other controls for agricultural pests like the western corn rootworm or the Colorado potato beetle. Pests like the Khapra beetle feed on stored grains, causing more economic losses well after the harvest is completed. Just the money spent by gardeners on Japanese beetle pheromone traps (some would say money wasted on pheromone traps) is greater than the GDP of some small countries! Beetles Can Be Noisy Many insects are famous for their sounds. Cicadas, crickets, grasshoppers, and katydids all serenade us with songs. Many beetles produce sounds, too, although not nearly as melodic as those of their Orthopteran cousins. Deathwatch beetles bang their heads again the walls of their wood tunnels, making a surprisingly loud knocking sound. Some darkling beetles tap their abdomens on the ground. A good number of beetles stridulate, particularly when handled by humans. Have you ever picked up a June beetle? Many, like the ten-lined June beetle, will squeal when you do. Both male and female bark beetles chirp, probably as a courtship ritual and a means of finding one another. Some Beetles Glow in the Dark Species in certain beetle families produce light. Their bioluminescence occurs through a chemical reaction involving an enzyme called luciferase. Fireflies (family Lampyridae) flash signals to attract potential mates, with a light organ on the abdomen. In glowworms (family Phengodidae), the light organs run down the sides of the thoracic and abdominal segments, like tiny glowing windows on a railroad boxcar (and thus their nickname, railroad worms). Glowworms also sometimes have an additional light organ on the head, which glows red! Tropical click beetles (​family Elateridae) also produce light by virtue a pair of oval light organs on the thorax and a third light organ on the abdomen. Weevils Are Beetles, Too Weevils, easily recognized by their elongated, almost comical beaks, are really just a type of beetle. The superfamily Curculionoidea includes the snout beetles and various types of weevils. When you look at a weevils long snout, you might assume they feed by piercing and sucking their meal, much like the true bugs. But dont be fooled, weevils belong to the order Coleoptera. Just as all other beetles do, weevils have mandibulate mouthparts made for chewing. In the case of the weevil, however, the mouthparts are usually tiny and are found just at the tip of that long beak. Many weevils cause significant damage to their plant hosts, and for this reason, we consider them pests. Beetles Have Been Around for About 270 Million Years The first beetle-like organisms in the fossil record date back to the Permian Period, roughly 270 million years ago. True beetles - those that resemble our modern-day beetles - first appeared about 230 million years ago. Beetles were already in existence before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea, and they survived the K/T extinction event thought to have doomed the dinosaurs. How have beetles survived for so long, and withstood such extreme events? As a group, beetles have proved remarkably adept at adapting to ecological changes. Sources Insects - Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen A. MarshallBorror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. JohnsonEncyclopedia of Insects, edited by Vincent H. Resh and Ring T. Carde. Featherwing Beetles - Insecta: Coleoptera: Ptiliidae, University of Florida. Accessed December 13, 2012.Coleoptera : The biggest, the smallest ? How many beetles are there?, Coleoptera website. Accessed December 13, 2012.Plant pests: The biggest threats to food security?, BBC News, November 8, 2011. Accessed December 13, 2012.Introduction to Bioluminescent Beetles, by Dr. John C. Day, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) Oxford. Accessed December 17, 2012Glow-Worms, Railroad-Worms, University of Florida, accessed December 17, 2012.

Research Methods on Economy Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Methods on Economy - Research Proposal Example As the report declars  the variables selected for analysis are Investments, Assets, Liabilities, Debt, Equity, and Earnings per share, Return on Assets, Return on Investment, Asset Turnover, Current Ratio, Quick ratio. Each country is analyzed for each variable separately using time series analysis. The interpretation for each measure of performance is explained. The limitations of the study are listed.As the discussion stresses economic liberalization and globalization have brought about a new and competitive environment for the common and small investors who are willing to participate in the equity of the corporate sector in our country. Understanding the firm’s investment decisions under imperfect market conditions is one of the central issues of the financial economics. Studying firm’s investment in such environment can provide insight into the dynamics of its growth as a function of internal and external financial sources. In the presence of financing constraints the firm’s investment vary not only with the availability of the profitable investment projects, but also with the internal funds. Consequently, the severity of the financing constraints is proposed to be measured by the magnitude of the cash flow sensitivity of investment. In this paper, the authors propose an alternative perspective to investigate the relationship between financing conditions and the sensitivity measure.   The paper concludes by stating that financing conditions may determine investment and growth of the European Firms.

Outlining research area that would like to pursue for my doctoral Proposal

Outlining area that would like to pursue for my doctoral dissertation - Research Proposal Example An example of a leader who has demonstrated servant leadership is Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who is the current President of the Unites Arab Emirates. Using Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan, this research study proposes to investigate how servant leadership that has been demonstrated by him has contributed to the peaceful political environment in the country, which is contrary to other Islamic states such as Syria, Yemen, and Egypt that have continued to witness political arrest over the past few years (Beaumont, 47-49). Secondly, the research study proposes to establish how the President’s servant leadership has created a condusive environment for economic progress that UAE has recorded over the past years. The research will employ an investigative approach, which will apply the use of secondary and primary research methods. Under primary research methods, the researcher will randomly select participants from the UAE in order to get their view on the effect of servant leadership in creating a peaceful political environment and condusive environment for economic progress. This research study will be based on the concept of total quality management but it will take a detour from the common studies that have been undertaken in regards to this concept, which have largely been centered on management issues. Moreover, studies conducted by Creech stated that total quality management (TQM) at creating excellence and due to this fact (8); it focuses on promoting the right attitudes within organisations and even implementing control measures in order to avoid costly mistakes (Evans and Lindsey, 45-48). The detour will lead to a research study that seeks to investigate the impact of TQM on the level of productivity amongst the employees. Productivity in this context will refer to the performance measure of both employee effectiveness and

Annotated Review of Literature Essay Example for Free

Annotated Review of Literature Essay Annotated Review of Literature to Support how Differentiated Instruction Workshops can Improve Instruction Hawkins, V. (2009). Barriers to implementing differentiation: Lack of confidence, efficacy and perseverance. The New England Reading Association Journal, 44(2), 11-16. Retrieved from Education Full Text database. Annotation: In this article, Hawkins exposes three major reasons why implementing differentiated instruction (DI) if a difficult task for most teachers. Hawkins states that districts advocate for professional development of DI as a reactive response to current data trends in education. The goal of this article is to provide classroom teachers with the necessary skills to be able to implement DI into their curriculum. The researcher found that a lack of teacher confidence, lack of teacher efficacy, and a lack of perseverance are three factors in which teachers most often struggle with when trying to differentiate lessons. Support for Project: This article gives important information for teachers on how to overcome the barriers of implementing effective DI into their curriculum. So many of us face the same problems when trying to differentiate our lessons, therefore, it is important for teachers to understand how to overcome these barriers and also to understand that they are not alone in this daunting task. Hawkins goes on to describe each barrier in detail to help teachers overcome them so they can become effective DI instructors. Tomlinson, Carol Ann. Carol Ann Tomlinson explains how differentiated instruction works and why we need it now. Making A Difference, September 2007. Annotation: In this article, Carol Ann Tomlinson, who is a leader in the field of education on Differentiated Instruction, explains what DI is, why it is so important in education today, as well as in the future, and the characteristics of an effective differentiated classroom. Tomlinson also reviews some key points that teachers need to think about when developing a differentiated lesson plan. The researcher goes on to explain that the reason DI is so important is that students vary in so many ways, and our student populations are becoming more and more academically diverse. Support for Project: This article is important for my project because the researcher explains how to deal with student differences. Today’s classrooms are so diverse and teachers need to know how to deal with these differences on a daily basis. Tomlinson states that there are three ways to deal with differences: ignore them, separate or â€Å"track† them, or keep students together in the context of high-quality curriculum (differentiated instruction). Obviously the third one should be the way to go, but unfortunately, it is the road least traveled. This article also describes the characteristics of a well-run DI classroom and what teachers need to do in order to be successful when creating differentiated lessons to improve instruction. Tomlinson, C. (2005). Traveling the road to differentiation in staff development. Journal of Staff Development, 26(4), 8-12. Retrieved from Education Full Text database. Annotation: In this article, Tomlinson explains how teacher leaders can help educators hurdle four key barriers teachers face when trying to implement DI into their classrooms. The researcher describes the need for DI in the United States education system and also reviews six strategies of effective differentiation. Tomlinson goes over current research findings about student achievement and differentiation in response to readiness, interest, and learning profiles. Support for Project: This article is important for my project because when trying to convince educators to change their way of thinking and pedagogical practices, you must have solid evidence that the new practice; in this case, DI, will work. This article goes over the latest research findings to support DI and it also gives effective strategies for implementing DI practices as well as ways to overcome barriers of incorporating DI into the curriculum. The goal of my project is to design a workshop to inform educators about differentiated instruction; what it is, why we need it, what effective DI practices look like, what the keys aspects of DI are, how to overcome the barriers of DI, and what the current research of DI is. This article does a good job of reviewing these topics. Wormeli, R. (2007). Differentiation: From planning to practice grades 6-12. Portland, ME: Stenhouse. Annotation: In this book, Wormeli provides a practical way for teachers to create a differentiated lesson from start to finish. He walks educators through the lesson, giving details on what steps to take before, during, and after to make deep connections for students. He gives effective strategies and advice on how to reach â€Å"all† learners within one classroom. Wormeli presents models of effective differentiated instruction, so that teachers can extend what they learn to any subject and any classroom. Support for Project: When creating a workshop for educators on differentiation, it is important to include models of instruction for teachers to reflect upon and use as examples for the future. That is just what this book does. Wormeli gives annotated models of effective differentiated instruction, such as tiering, flexible grouping, how to make adjustments based on formative assessments, and interdisciplinary examples for teachers to learn how to do. Once educators feel comfortable using these strategies, they can extend these procedures throughout their careers.

Feminist Perspective on Eighteenth Century Literature Essay -- feminis

Feminist Perspective on Eighteenth Century Literature Feminism during the eighteenth century has come to be defined by the literature of the time. Women, who did not have as many outlets as they do today, expressed their political opinions through literature itself. Although feminist texts existed before the end of the century, women writers in the final decade were seen as more threatening to the dominant patriarchal system. Following the overthrow of the government in France, women in Britain believed that "a revolution in sentiments, manners, and moral opinions was possible in their own country" (5). Writers such as Mary Wollstonecraft reacted to the conservative patriarchal society by "[drawing] parallels between the domestic and the political, between the private and the public, in their fiction" (155). While all women did not attempt to reconstruct the gender roles of her time, the women who sought to equalize the positions of men and women were labeled as monstrous or "unsexed." Male authors of the late eighteenth century saw the patriarchal hereditary government as tyrannical and viewed Kings as animals. Writers such as Tom Paine, William Godwin, Thomas Holcroft, and Robert Bage believed "reason should decide issues of human affairs, not power based on money, age, rank, sex, or physical strength" (10). Men also saw the possibility of a revolution but only in terms of class structure. Although most male authors were sympathetic to the plight of women, they recognized the need to minimize class distinctions as more important than gender. Nevertheless, male appeals to humanity ironically inspired and became models for revolutionary women writers. Women writers later adopted this emphasis on individual abilities r... ...ewed women as naturally subordinate to men, women writers attempted to challenge this ideology and assert the need for change. The revolution in France, and the belief in the possibility of Britain's own revolution, led some women to adopt inappropriate outspoken tactics. However, these radical women were given derogatory labels which ultimately prevented other writers from directly challenges the system. Nevertheless, women writers during the final decade of the eighteenth century "politicized the domestic or sentimental novel in response to oppression and exclusion." In their fiction they challenged the roles of women in education and in the household. While they were not tremendously successful, the women of this time made recognizable to the public the importance of changing the role of women in society, and provided an impetus for the entire feminist movement.

Bank of America Essay

In a workplace where multiculturalism exists is a diverse and successful workplace. Diversity helps workers and customers to do business freely because majority of customers are comfortable to communicate with people from their own culture. Pacific City Bank a financial company, which is not a diverse bank, has employees from only one culture and this has made way for customers from the same culture to be comfortable to do business with them. From the higher level C.F.O to the vice president of the company everyone is from the same culture. It is positive fact for the customers from the same culture to feel comfortable to communicate and have safety when doing business, but there are many negative effects of not having diversity in a workplace. When your doing business in a multicultural country, it is not viable to stick to doing business only with one culture, as the potential of the company cannot be reached. Customers from other cultures would not be comfortable to do business, a s they cannot understand their language or might feel out of place to do business. Whereas Wells Fargo another financial company, which is majorly known for diverse workplace has more benefits compared to Pacific city bank. Customers are more comfortable to bank with Wells Fargo, as they feel comfortable with the choices of diverse people available to communicate with. Wells Fargo’s main goal is to make their customers comfortable while banking with them. By hiring diverse employees, their workers will understand basic methods on how to act in front of another employee or customer from different cultures. Wells Fargo respects other cultures and policies. The company’s council including the Chairman, C.E.O and other senior leaders meet quarterly to establish goals and set up directions when partnering with committee in the areas where there is diversity and market segment diversity. They ensure there is supporting infrastructure and inclusion- related behaviors as the â€Å"work of all† versus the â€Å"work of a few†.

Research in the Mood

http://dnsc. academia. edu/ennelgArugal Final Paper in PA 231 Public Fiscal Administration Glenne B. Lagura Gaming || Gambling (Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation – PAGCor) Submitted to: DR. ANTONIO M. FAUNILLIAN JR. , MPA Instructor Submitted by: Glenne B. Lagura UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES BO. OBRERO, DAVAO CITY College of Governance and Business Master of Public Administration April 10, 2012 1 Glenne B. Lagura Outline: I. Introduction a) b) c) d) Background of PAGCor Board of Directors Management PAGCor’s Operational Highlights ? Sources of PAGCor’s income ? PAGCor’s earnings ?PAGCor’s contribution to nation building II. Discussion a) Where does PAGCor’s income go? b) Corporate Social Responsibilities of PAGCor III. Analyses a) Social Problems b) Reduce Revenue? c) PAGCor: Problems and Challenges ? Illegal becomes Legal ? Aware or Unaware? or Aware to be Unaware? ? Institutional Problems d) Anomalies ? Regulate†¦ A uthorize†¦ WATCHED! ? Is gambling a cursed? e) Corruptions f) Recent Issues IV. Possible Solutions and Recommendations a) b) c) d) e) Maintain the Status Quo; PAGCOR to concentrate on its regulatory function; Privatization; Abolish and close PAGCOR; and Formulated solutions from a study.V. VI. Conclusion References 2 I. Introduction A. Background of PAGCor The role and impact of Government-Owned and Control Corporation (GOCC) on the fiscal position of the government and the economy continue to be significant to this day. Despite reforms undertaken in the past, according to the Commission on Audit, there remain around one hundred thirty three GOCCs operating in the areas of agriculture, transportation, infrastructure, public utilities, provision of housing, industrial development and finance. The dismal performance of many of these corporations has contributed to the fiscal deficits of the public sector.As defined under PD 2029, GOCC is â€Å"a stock or a non-stock corporation, whether performing governmental or proprietary functions, which is directly chartered by special law or, if organized under the general corporation law, is owned or controlled by the government directly or indirectly through a parent corporation or subsidiary corporation, the extent of at least a majority of its outstanding capital stock or of its outstanding voting capital stock. † Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCor) is a 100 percent government-owned and controlled corporation.It was established to regulate all games of chance in the country. It was created in 1977 to oversee the operation of gaming casinos, to generate funds for the government’s developmental projects, to promote tourism in the country, and to help curb illegal gambling. PAGCor had an initial authorized capital stock of P5 million which was later increased to P200 million. PAGCor is authorized to borrow money from local or foreign sources. Half of PAGCor’s earnings are remitte d to the Bureau of the Treasury (BOT) to be used in programs and projects as directed and authorized by the Office of the President of the Philippines.This is aside from the mandated beneficiaries which receive funding from PAGCor. Its remaining funds form part of the Social Fund to finance infrastructure and/or socio-civic projects. The Corporation was created during the Martial Law years by virtue of a Presidential Decree (PD 1067-A) in response to calls for the Philippine Government to put a stop to the growing proliferation of illegal casino operations in various parts of the country then. The law creating PAGCor was later amended and consolidated by PD 1896 otherwise known as the PAGCor Charter.Under this Charter, PAGCOR is mandated to: ? Regulate, authorize and license games of chance, games of cards and games of numbers, particularly casino gaming in the Philippines; ? Generate revenues for the Philippine Government’s socio-civic and national development programs; and ? Help promote the Philippine tourism industry. In June 2007, Republic Act 9847 was passed by the Philippine Congress, extending the corporate life of the state-run gaming firm by 25 years, renewable for another 25 years. It also prescribed the following amendments to the PAGCor Charter: 3 ? ? ? ?PAGCor can enter into agreements including joint venture, with any person, firm, association or corporation; Requirements to obtain consent of the local government authority that has territorial jurisdiction over the area chosen as site for any PAGCor’s operations; Exclusion of jai alai from PAGCor operations; and Delimitation of regulatory authority and power over gaming activities covered by other existing franchises, regulatory bodies or special laws. Presently, PAGCor is the third largest revenue-generating arm of the government next to the BIR and the Bureau of Customs.From January to November 2011, PAGCor generated gross revenue of P33. 15 billion, P15. 51 billion of which was channeled to large-scale socio-civic programs. B. Board of Directors The Board of Directors is composed of five (5) members, three (3) of whom shall come from the government sector and shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines and the other two (2) shall come from the private sector who own at least 1 share of stock in the corporation and shall be elected by the stockholders of the corporation in the annual general meeting or in a special meeting called for such purpose.Each Director shall serve for a term of one (1) year and until his successor shall have been duly qualified and appointed. C. Management PAGCor is managed by its Chief Executive Officer who is the concurrent Chairman of the Board. He is assisted by PAGCor’s President and concurrent Chief Operating Officer, a Vice-President for Administration, and various department heads. 134 Personnel management policies set by the Board of Directors govern the hiring of personnel.All employees of the casinos and related services are classified as â€Å"confidential† appointees and their employment is exempt from the provisions of the Labor Code or any of its implementing rules and regulations. As such, employee unions or any form of employee associations are not allowed to be formed to ensure continuous and uninterrupted service to its customers. D. PAGCor’s Operational Highlights PAGCor is engaged in the business of gaming and is the only entity franchised by the government to operate casinos in the country. Its major product lines consist of table games, slot machines, and chip washing.It also offers internet gaming, internet sports betting, and bingo and slot machine demo units. Internationally recognized games like Baccarat, Black Jack, Roulette, Craps, Big & Small, Pai Gow Poker, Stud Poker, Pontoon, and Super 6 are available in its Casino Filipino branches. Aside from table games and slot machines, PAGCor has also expanded its operations to include the conduct and regul ation of bingo games as it expands the image of Casino Filipino from a gaming venue into a vehicle for wholesome entertainment for the whole family. 4 With all those line of business transactions, PAGCor is set to uphold its olicy by constantly upgrading and using a state-of-the-art technology to make it at par with the top gaming destinations of the world as it puts into action its vision of becoming â€Å"A Global Corporation with a Global Mindset and a Filipino Heart. † ? Sources of PAGCor’s Income PAGCor derives bulk of its income from the winnings of the gaming, slot machine and in-house bingo operations of its different casino branches. The corporation also gets substantial earnings from other sources like its other regulated gaming activities such as private licensed casinos, poker operations, commercial bingo operations, E-games and others. PAGCor’s earnings PAGCor is the Philippine government third largest revenue-generating arm, next to the Bureau of I nternal Revenue (BIR) and the Bureau of Customs (BOC). From the time the government went into the direct management’s and supervision of casino operations in 1986 up to December 31 2010, PAGCor generated a staggering gross revenues of P355. 575 billion. ? PAGCor’s contributions to nation building Of the P355. 775 billion total revenues over the last 25 years, PAGCor’s contributions to nation building amounted to P203. 646 billion, which comprised 57% of the agency’s gross earnings during the period.These contributions were in the form of remittances to the BIR and the National Treasury which went directly to government coffers for funding farreaching and wide-ranging national; the Philippines Sports Commission for the training of the country’s national athletes in international sporting events and in cultivating Philippine sports at the grassroots; the Board of Claims to give justice to those who were wrongly accused or prosecuted; hundreds of comm unity development programs of nationwide implemented through the efforts of PAGCor’s casino host-cities which get a share from the corporation’s revenues; and the Presidents Social Fund which has been tapped to finance high impact programs such as construction of school bui8ldings, provision of potable water systems in the countryside, and funding of livelihood programs for the marginalized sectors of society, among others. II. Discussions 5 A. Where does PAGCor’s income go? In accordance with its Charter, PAGCor’s income is distributed in the following manner: ? ? ? ? ? % of net winnings goes to the BIR as franchise tax; 50% of the 95% balance goes to the National Treasury as the National Government’s mandated income share; 1% of the net cash income goes to the Board of Claims, an agency under the Department of Justice, which compensates victims of wrongful detention and prosecution; 5% of the balance after the Franchise Tax and the National Gover nment’s mandated income share goes to the Philippine Sports Commission to finance the country’s sports development programs; and Fixed amount is given to cities hosting Casino Filipino branches for their respective community development projects. Aside from the abovementioned mandatory contributions, PAGCor has also tapped as funding source for the implementation of the following vital laws: ? P 400 million a year or P2 billion in five years to the Early Childhood Car and Development Program; ? P100 million initial funding to the Sports Benefits and Incentives Act; ? P300 million or P10 million a month to the Gasoline Training and Loan fund; ?P250 million to be taken from the remittance to the President’s Social Fund to implement the National Museum Act of 1998; ? P5 million a month to be taken from the National Treasury’s share to support the Comprehensive Dangerous Act of 2002; ? P30 million to fund the Children’s TV Act of 1997; ? P300 million c ontribution to the Barangay Micro Business Development Fund; ? P50 million for the National Book Development Trust Fund; and ? P312 million for the Department of Science and Technology. The remaining balance of PAGCor’s income is then remitted to the President’s Social Fund to help finance the priority projects of the government. Below is the figure indicating the *distribution of the revenue generated by the Corporation. 6 Based on the 2010 Annual Report of PAGCOR Figure 1: Income Distribution of PAGCor B. Corporate Social Responsibilities of PAGCor The following are the activities conducted by PAGCor as appended in the Annual Report 2011 of the institution: 1. 2. 3. 4. Bringing basic social services closer to the Filipino masses Helps blast victims get back on their feet – literally Restoring he Pasig River back to life Sharing the Gift of Hope – Pamaskong Handog III. Analyses As the third largest revenue generator in the country, PAGCor plays a vital r ole in the economic development and took part of responsibility with regards to fiscal advancement of the country.Aside from the bulk income generated by this institution, it attracts also the foreign investors to invest in this kind of business thus promoting the country as a tourist spot in terms of legal gaming and gambling. Even by that, though it brought a cause for the alleviation of the economic situation as per scrutiny, as a counterpart, it conveys some consequences and also faces problems and issues. The following sited situations prevails the point of view of the owner of this paper as to the current situation of PAGCor and its effects to the community. Further, some contents of this part contain documentation of issues and problems base from the current news and information cited from different reliable sources. Moreover, the views and opinions of the presenter do 7 ot necessarily reflect the contents or discussion of the neither class nor stand point of the subject inst ructor, thus all the generated opinions are purely coming from the presenter. ? Social Problems With the initial concept of regulating and legalizing any games of chance and gambling in the country in order to raise revenue, presently it gives an idea to the common people to formulate their own versions of establishing in any ways and means which are now considered to be as illegal. Some of the few illegal or unauthorized games or activities that exist are the following: cockfighting, jueteng, horse racing bingo and other forms of lotteries, slot machines other mechanical contraptions and devices and online gambling. All the above mentioned activities are against the PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 602 wherein it prescribes stiffer penalties on illegal gambling. Aside from the fact that it contradicts the law of the land, reality check, these illegal actions became a part of the regular activities of those individuals in a community who are engaging their selves to be part of these. Worse c omes to worst, these brought an obvious social problems which we encountered nowadays. It entices everyone, old and young even children to be involved in these activities. At an early age, children at this time learn the knowhow of involving their selves in these activities which brought pessimist consequences with regards to their studies and to the habitual lifestyle of the people.This reality is pretended to be unknown to all of us, considered to be a usual activities and unfortunately, big officials are the one who is behind under this operations. If it is the rule of the PAGCor to regulate these illegal activities, then who is in charge of implementing necessary actions to those who make these obvious offenses? What actions were countered already with regards to discontinuing these rampant activities which resulted to crime, death and other anti-humanitarian acts? Is the subject institution took already a response to the matter? Below is a statement quoted about illegal gamblin g by Roy Q. Lagarde in his article â€Å"The Scourge of Legalized Gambling†. Gambling’s negative consequences are even more formidable than the flaunted revenues to subsidize purportedly government’s social services programs. One which is a visible problem is crime. Historically, crime increases where gambling is legal. Studies showed that problematic gamblers sometimes turn to criminal activities to support their habit. Gamblers often deal drugs, embezzle, or steal to get money to gamble or to pay gambling debts. Prostitution, and general sexual immorality, likewise rises because of immoral entertainment provided in and near gambling houses. In fact, alongside with most gambling dens in Metro Manila KTV bars have sprouted like mushrooms, many of which conspicuously display Japanese characters and signs recruiting GROs. † 8 ? Reduce Revenue?It is visible already to the eyes of everybody the existence of those activities which are considered as illegal as t o the fact that PAGCor is the only institution that is authorizes to establish and to lead those activities. What a misery to imagine that even by now those establishment which are considered to be illegal in their operation are still in service of doing their unlawful work. Fortunate to the forefront of this criminal movement, it becomes a huge and growing business. Is the institution PAGCor, doesn’t bother to imagine what would be the effect of those growing illegal establishment in every region as to the income that is supposed to be generated by the institution? Accessibility wise, those illegal establishments can be nearly reach compare to those firms which are authorized to do such legal acts.If the PAGCor is the one also mandated to regulate those unlawful actions what possibly be the actions to be undertaken for the purpose of first, taking good care at their primary economic reason of generating revenue for the Republic of the Philippines, second, assessing their rol e as to the regulation of these rampant rising activities, third preventive measure of responding to this situation and last lawful actions that are needed to be done. ? PAGCor: Problems and Challenges A. Illegal? becomes Legal? Gambling is a major social problem in the country. Not even the ouster of President Joseph Estrada from Malacanang Palace, on charges of receiving â€Å"jueteng† money from syndicates, could abate the problem. Jueteng is said to be a P40-billion business in the Philippines, annually. The need to answer and to come up a solution as to the problem of rampant increase of illegal gambling in the country is quite an undying issue. It can be considered as an infinite problem in algebra, the constant looking for the value of â€Å"x† and â€Å"y†.In that case, the never-ending issue of the involvement of those influential persons is considered as the main angle to relate in this situation. Some if not many of the government officials in the cou ntry are involved in these illegal gambling and heard to be as the organizer and supporter of the prohibited gambling and gaming activities. â€Å"Philippine gambling laws permit a wide variety of licensed and taxed gaming options, yet Jueteng, the nation’s most popular game, is illegal and remains firmly in the hands of organized crime†, this statement was stressed in the article of Alex Nevsky, â€Å"Government Official Involved in Illegal Sports Betting in the Philippines† at the internet site www. gamingzone. om last April 26, 2011, where it was sited also the allegedly involvement of an administration employee in illegal gambling including operating illegal jai alai games and promoting online casino in the country. B. Aware or Unaware? Or Aware to be Unaware? In the published article â€Å"Is PAGCor a betting illegal gambling? † of Alejandro del Rosario at Manila Standard Today Newspaper last December 10, 2011, Senator Aquilino â€Å"Koko† Pim entel questioned the proliferation of gambling houses in the country. He queried also if the certain institution (PAGCor) is properly regulating the operation of these casinos which seem to 9 sprout like wild mushrooms. Senator Pimentel stated that PAGCor seems remiss in regulating the operation of these private casinos and electronic betting houses and lax in the granting of licenses to them.During that time, Pimentel heads the Senate committee on games and amusement, thus he seek to address the adverse effects of these gambling houses on the youth and the rising incidence of crime. C. Institutional Problems The following problems were cited based on the thesis of Cecilio Villanueva entitled â€Å"The Philippine Amusement & Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) as Government Regulator and Operator of Legalized Gambling: It's Implications for National Security† which was published at www. ndcp. edu. ph last 2008: ? Unclear regulatory functions and procedures in registration/affiliation and granting of licenses; ? Lack of coordination with the Securities and Exchange Commission, DTI and other regulatory bodies; ?Relationship with the newly created Economic Zones Coordinate with PEZA and other entities empowered by law for economic zones; ? Relationship with the Local Government Units (LGUs); ? Problems with text scams; ? Casinos located close to each other; ? Operator Functions Gambling scams and syndicates / foreign terror groups; ? Arrogance/rudeness of the players; ? Overbearing presence of hookers and financiers to the disgust of players; ? Old and out-modeled machines and other gaming equipments; ? Church’s continued opposition to PAGCOR ; ? Perception of graft and corruption; ? Discipline/Attitudes of employees; ? So many employees of PAGCOR; ? More PAGCOR officials and employees being pirated for work abroad; ?Tourism Development Political intrigues; ? Financial Capacities ; ? How to continue with high income; ? Threat of privatization; ? Too much ex penses for non-organic personnel; and ? PAGCOR lagging behind in Asian Gaming Industry. Even by now, as we can see and heard at the news, with the recent issues PAGCor is facing, we can somewhat say that the institution is still trying to fix what is not being fixed out of those above cited problems. ? Anomalies A. Regulate†¦ Authorize†¦ WATCHED! In line with the article of Alejandro del Rosario, as accorded by Senator Pimentel, the issue is not the big revenue that can be generated by those casinos but they too need to be watched.The Senator recall incidences in past administrations when casino handlers were suspected of skimming from the revenue, where it should be that a portion of the revenue earned from these 10 casinos is supposed to go the President’s social amelioration fund. He added that the problem is the existence of small private gambling houses that propagate in many areas including residential ones. Signages of private poker clubs are everywhere and w hen it comes to the gambling houses, all are well shuttered with a guard-doorman usually stationed at the entrance and by that, we can only imagine what else goes on in there. B. Is gambling a cursed? In the paper of Roy Q.Lagarde it was stated by far also, there have been more accusations of anomalous transactions in PAGCOR including the P489 million in rents PAGCOR paid to the Hyatt Manila Hotel and Casino, and the hiring of 116 consultants, 103 retainers and many directors in exclusive clubs. It was further cited also in the said paper the standpoint of Francisco Tatad, erstwhile senator, whom charged Arroyo and some legislators for covering-up allegedly allowing PAGCOR to continue its operation. The senator explained the fact that PAGCOR was created under PD 1067-A, with a 25-year franchise to operate under PDs 1067-A, 1067-B and 1067-C, all issued on January 1, 1977. These decrees were, however, consolidated into one PD-No. 869 on July 11, 1983 without changing the 25-year cont ract, thus, the franchise was to expire January 1, 2002. But the Arroyo administration allegedly railroaded last December a bill which misrepresents the 25-year franchise as having taken effect on July 11, 1983 instead of Jan. 1, 1977, and expiring only on July 11, 2008 instead of having already expired on Jan. 1, 2002. ? Corruptions â€Å"The biggest problem, in a word, is corruption or at least the potential for it. In many years, not only few government officials have been implicated in gambling-related scandals. Members of House of Representatives constantly sat down in a session to address alleged scandals in the country’s gambling industry.Legislators have been demanding that the PAGCOR open its books to an audit so that the people will be able know how the ‘gaming’, if gambling, government corporation spends billions of pesos it earns from its operations. â€Å"Where do these revenues go and how does the general public benefit from them? † Rep. Cri spin Beltran asked during a House session. â€Å"It’s apparent that for all of PAGCOR’s projections that it donates millions to socio-civic projects of the government and contributes to charities, billions more are pocketed by its officials and their business partners in the private sector. PAGCOR is a government institution where corruption is inherent and undeniable. † quoted from the article â€Å"The Scourge of Legalized Gambling† by Roy Q. Lagarde at www. impactmagazine. net. To continue, Rep.Robert Jaworski said â€Å"From what I heard, PAGCOR is the Santa Claus for a lot of government officials and there is no way we could verify this report because of questionable disbursement procedures. I was also surprised that most of its finances are not covered by any auditing mechanism by Commission on Audit†. In factual basis, for several years, PAGCOR’s contributions to the President’s Social Fund did not pass through the National Tre asury until the 11 implementation of E-VAT recently, imposing a 10 percent tax on services not previously covered by the old VAT law including PAGCOR. ? Recent issues IV. Possible Solutions and Recommendations A. PAGCOR to concentrate on its regulatory function The idea of separating the roles of PAGCor is a situation that they should delve into.It is favorable to imagine separating the role of regulator and operator in order for the institution to focus in its focal function though it requires thorough revision. In an article from Philippine Star, â€Å"Palace: Separating PAGCor roles needs further study† by Delon Porcalla last March 05, 2012, Abigail Valte, deputy presidential spokesperson pointed out that Malacanang hinted already the amendment of separating the dual role of PAGCor but it requires further study. Further, PAGCor chairman and chief executive officer Cristino Naguiat Jr. , admitted that the idea requires congressional action which means going through the legi slative mill all over again .Naguiat said, PAGCor is open to spinning off its casino operations and retaining its regulatory role, to enable it to focus more on monitoring and policing the growing gambling business in the country. He stressed however that doing so would not be easy and that a closer study should be done. The scheme, if implemented, will have an impact on PAGCor’s financial commitments to national government and sports agencies. B. Privatization In an article of Francis Earl Cueto â€Å"Gambling is Life†, Edward King, spokesman for PAGCor chairman Efraim Genuino, told The Manila Times that first and foremost, one thing that people should remember is that PAGCor is a creation of law. The issue of privatizing PAGCor is also very controversial, with several lawmakers pushing for it and even more congressmen against it.King said that while the act can be considered purely from the noble and idealistic viewpoint that government should not be in the business of gambling, one has to think from the point of view of generating funds for the government. In addition, King said that if the government would privatize PAGCor, then all income goes to the private sector leaving only a small amount in taxes being paid to the government coffers. â€Å"If you give PAGCor to the private, they will just be paying taxes. There is a huge difference between a fraction of income from taxes to 100 percent, â€Å"King said. To comment with the situation, the issue of privatizing PAGCor in order to divest itself of assets to be more productive in the hands of the private sector would somewhat be an issue that talks a lot.The idea of transferring the management of the said institution into the private one for better management and proper delineation of function is a good thing to be heard, it could be beneficial in many ways. But, in my own perception, this dream might be turned into a great nightmare. We don’t know if those lawmakers/government offi cials have their own personal and hidden agenda of buying and operating 12 PAGCor as we could not deny the fact that the institution is producing bulky of pennies. This is the simple analogy, privatize PAGCor then, they get the income; the lawmakers may perhaps be getting their own kickbacks from certain lobby groups who want PAGCor for their personal purpose.If PAGCor will fall to the hand of those private individuals, then who will now regulate the activities of PAGCor? The point of arriving to this situation – selling another GOCC – emanates from the idea of poor management, corruption and undying anomalies. If that is the case, then the target is to seize the rats that slowly rotten the house and scrutinize the system and procedures brought by those pests. C. Abolish and Close PAGCOR. The call for the abolition of the government’s legitimate gambling institutions came as their funds were allegedly being used for political rather than charitable purpose. The recommendation to shut down Pagcor could be a â€Å"major reaction† because of reports of fund misuse, Deputy Presidential Spokesperson Abigail Valte said.To note with the issue, let us not forget that the ultimate goal of the mandate of PAGCOR, is to provide assistance to those in need. It is better to put in place systemic reforms first and see whether these systemic reforms will work before we talk about what really should be done to the agencies. In another way, it is indeed a fact that the institution is generating bulky income which serves as a great help in giving financial support for the economic development of our country. D. Formulated Solutions from thorough study As per cited abovementioned problems in the thesis of Cecilio Villanueva, below are the suggested solutions as respective counterpart: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Issue clear guidelines on licensing, grants of authority; Establish linkages with the SEC, DTI and other regulatory agencies; Establi sh clear operational guidelines with the L GUs in view of RA 9487 Seek clear guidance from NTC, DTI and other government agencies; Review zonal locations of the casinos or centers being applied for; Deputize PAGCOR to curb illegal gambling; Launch PR campaign / Security Measures ; Beef up security / Investments in CCTV cameras; Find partners under the 60/40 arrangements Corporate Social Responsibilities; Foster good relations with the Church; Establish Resident Ombudsman and COA to issue or make public records for transparency; Seminars on values, productivity; Strengthen the Disciplinary Board; Screening, testing of pplicants; Merit system; Human Resource Development; Loyalty awards; Focus more on hotel industry/ tourism; Vigorous marketing efforts to attract players; 13 Glenne B. Lagura http://dnsc. academia. edu/ennelgArugal ? ? ? In-depth study on privatization; Contract-out the services of the non-organic personnel; and Vigorous marketing efforts. V. Conclusion Despite the surg e of PAGCor income that has succeeded immensely in supporting the cash-strapped government, several lawmakers, nongovernment organizations and especially the religious sector are still firmly against government engaging in the business of operating casinos. Many Filipinos have long suspected that gambling money finances political campaigns in this country. But this has never been established as fact.The politicians who benefit from gambling funds will certainly lack the political will to spearhead an investigation. Reflecting the sentiments of the political leadership, law enforcers will also have no interest in verifying those perceptions. There are cops who even openly admit that gambling money finances police operations in certain areas of the country. Complicating the problem is the unsure state policy on gambling, which deprives the government of the moral high ground to crack down on illegal numbers games popular among the poor such as jueteng. Despite new laws imposing stiffe r punishment for illegal gambling, jueteng continues to thrive and enrich gambling lords.The government could go after these gambling barons and plug one of the largest sources of corruption by applying new laws against money laundering or even old laws on tax evasion. Lawmakers could pass legislation that will compel transparency in campaign contributions. It may be impossible to stop Filipinos from gambling, but it is not impossible to discourage the corruption that is endangered by illegal gambling Unfortunately for the nation, political will has always been lacking in both the executive and legislative branches when it comes to stopping the flow of money, especially big money, regardless of the source. The status quo has worked for the typical Filipino politician, whose attitude is, if it ain’t broke, why fix it?On the other hand, the idea of Senator Ralph Recto that the PAGCOR pork should go to national budget is agreeable it applies the mere saying â€Å"Prevention is better than Cure†. This is to prevent also the abuse of misusing the money which can be avoided if the discretionary funds were written into the General Appropriations Act (GAA) or the national budget. 14 References: Newspaper/ Published Journals: Burning House Infested with Rats is not Right Solution to Problem. Philippine Daily Inquirer ( January 16, 2012). Retrieved March 1, 2012 from http://opinion. inquirer. net/21183/burning-house-infested-withrats-is-not-right-solution-to-problem Cabacungan, G. (2012, February 28).Lawmakers rally round PAGcor, move to ban Wynn. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 03, 2012 from http://globalnation. inquirer. net/26911/lawmakers-rally-round-pagcormove-to-ban-wynn Calica, A. (2011, July 09). Palace No need to abolish PCSO, PAGCOR, The Philippine Star. Retrieved March 15, 2012 from http://www. philstar. com Cueto, F (2007, February 25). Gambling is Life. Retrieved March 13, 2012 from http://www. skyscrapercity. com/showthread. php? t =647381 Del Rosario, A. (2011, December 10). Is PAGCor a betting illegal Gambling?. Manila Standard Today Newspaper. Retrieved February 16, 2012 from http://www. manilastandardtoday. com/insideOpinion. htm? =2011/dece mber/10/andydelrosario. isx=2011/december/10 Diaz, J (2011, July 27. Lawmakers seek probe of PAGCor Anomalies. The Philippine Star. Retrieved March 20, 2012 from http://www. philstar. com Lagarde, R. The Scourge of Legalized Gambling. Retrieved March 12, 2012 from http://www. impactmagazine. net/v39v09/coverstory. htm PCSO, PAGCOR Pork should go to National Budget: Recto. abscbnNEWS. com(2011). Retrieved March 10, 2012 from http://www. abscbnnews. com/nation/07/13/11/pcso-pagcor-pork-should-go-natlbudget-recto Privatized PAGcor to bring in more revenues for gov’t. abscbnNEWS. com(2011). Retrieved March 10, 2012 from http://www. abscbnnews. om/ nation/08/16/10/privatized-pagcor-bring-morerevenues-govt Porcalla, D. (2012, March 05). Palace Separating Roles needs f urther Study. The Philippine Star. Retrieved March 5, 2012 from http://www. philstar. com PDF Files: 15 A Profile of Selected GOCCs. pdf PAGCOR Annual Report 2010. pdf Presidential Decree No. 1602. pdf Thesis: Villanueva, C (2008). The Philippine Amusement and Gaming corporation (PAGCOR) as Government Regulatorand Operator of Legalized Gambling: It’s Implications for national Security. Retrieved March 15, 2012 from http://www. ndcp. edu. ph/library/thesislist. php? start=1661 http://dnsc. academia. edu/ennelgArugal Glenne B. Lagura 16

Authors Purpose Essays

Authors Purpose Essays Authors Purpose Paper Authors Purpose Paper Essay Topic: Literature Authors Purpose why an author writes something Persuade authors goal persuade the reader to agree with the authors opinion; if you changing the way you think of a topic as you read (does not mean that you necessarily agree with it!) Inform authors goal is to enlighten the reader with topics that are usually real or contain facts; facts are used to teach and not persuade Entertain authors goal is to provide enjoyment for the reader Describe / Explain use the senses to paint a picture; tell a story or describe real or imaginary characters, places, and events Examples of Authors Purpose: To Persuade advertisements, commercials, newspaper editorials Examples of Authors Purpose: To Inform textbooks, cookbooks, encyclopedias, newspapers Examples of Authors Purpose: To Entertain poems, stories, plays, comic strips, short story, novels, comedies, riddles, jokes, song lyrics Examples of Describe / Explain menus, catalogs, travel brochures, some poetry, technical manuals Authors Purpose Guiding Question Why was this piece written? Example of an Authors Purpose Question What is the most likely reason the author describes the storm in this way? Example of an Authors Purpose Question With which sentence below would the author of this passage most likely agree? Example of an Authors Purpose Question Which sentence from the brochure best indicates the authors bias in favor of Big Bend Landscape? Example of an Authors Purpose Question What is the authors attitude toward? Bias favoring one side, position, or belief being partial, prejudiced Audience Who the writer writes for (young adults, parents, children, policemen, voters, scientists, etc) Related Papers How Do Authors Persuade Their Readers? Assignment The primary purpose of the art Critical Reading Final 2 My Brother Sam Is Dead: Description of the Authors Victor E. Frankl Writes of the Meaning and Purpose of Life and Humanity Don Quixote Book Review: Custer the Great Controversy Explain the general purpose for measuring central tendency Purpose of College Education Friendship: Michel De Montaigne and Ralph Waldo Emerson A Mission Statement Describes an Organisations Basic Purpose Some nice quotes from unknown authors Purpose of Incarceration How to cite this page Choose cite format: Authors Purpose. (2018, Jan 22). Retrieved from https://paperap.com/paper-on-authors-purpose/'>APA "Authors Purpose." PaperAp.com, 22 Jan 2018, https://paperap.com/paper-on-authors-purpose/'>MLA PaperAp.com. (2018). Authors Purpose. [Online]. Available at: https://paperap.com/paper-on-authors-purpose/[Accessed: 18 Sep. 2019]'>Harvard "Authors Purpose." PaperAp.com, Jan 22, 2018. Accessed September 18, 2019. https://paperap.com/paper-on-authors-purpose/'>Chicago "Authors Purpose." PaperAp.com, 22 Jan 2018, https://paperap.com/paper-on-authors-purpose/'>ASA "Authors Purpose," PaperAp.com, 22-Jan-2018. [Online]. Available: https://paperap.com/paper-on-authors-purpose/. [Accessed: 18-Sep-2019]'>IEEE PaperAp.com. (2018). Authors Purpose. [Online]. Available at: https://paperap.com/paper-on-authors-purpose/[Accessed: 18-Sep-2019]'>AMA Authors Purpose. (2018, Jan 22). Retrieved from https://paperap.com/paper-on-authors-purpose/ Copy to clipboard B Pages:3 Words:809 This is just a sample.To get a unique paper Hire Writer Want to get a price estimate for your Essay? Deadline Paper type Essay (Any Type) Admission Essay Annotated Bibliography Argumentative Essay Article Review Book/Movie Review Business Plan Case Study Coursework Creative Writing Critical Thinking Presentation or Speech Research Paper Research Proposal Term Paper Thesis Other Article (Any Type) Content (Any Type) Q&A Capstone Project Dissertation Lab Report Scholarship Essay Math Problem Statistic Project Research Summary Assignment Dissertation chapter Speech Dissertation chapter: Abstract Dissertation chapter: Introduction Dissertation chapter: Hypothesis Dissertation chapter: Literature Review Dissertation chapter: Methodology Dissertation chapter: Analysis/Results Dissertation chapter: Discussion Dissertation chapter: Conclusion Dissertation Proposal Thesis Statement Thesis Proposal Application Essay Pages 550 words(double spaced) 126 writers online Check Price A limited time offer! Get custom paper sample written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed Order now Authors Purpose Paper Persuade The author wants to convince you to do, buy, or believe something Inform The author wants to give you information Entertain The author wants to amuse you or for you to enjoy the writing Explain The author wants to tell you how to do something or how something works Describe The author wants you to visualize or experience a person, place, or thing Entertain Entertainâ€Å"But please!† exclaimed Maddie. â€Å"I’ve been thinking about riding this all day!† â€Å"Fine,† said Maddie’s mother, â€Å"but only once and NO begging to ride again!† Maddie waited in line for the roller coaster, anxious and scared. As she climbed off after the ride, she spotted her mother, ran up to her, and asked, â€Å"Please, Mom, may I ride again?!† Explain Throwing snowballs is a fun and simple way to pass the time in the winter. First, find some soft but thick snow. The snow is no good for snowballs if it is too hard and icy or too soft and crumbly. You will know the snow is just right when it is easy to collect and pack together but isn’t too hard. Shape the snow into a firm, round ball by rolling it between your palms. Finally, spot your target, aim, and throw! Remember, it isn’t nice to throw snowballs at unsuspecting people. Now you know how to make a snowball. Persuade Attention Florida coast residents: EVACUATE NOW! Hurricane Amy is currently a category 5 storm and headed right for your area. You are not safe if you choose to stay in your home! The only way to be safe is to evacuate right away. If you choose to stay in your home and find yourself in an emergency, first responders will not be able to get out during the storm to help you. There is extreme danger of a storm surge and very high winds. Residents who choose to stay are likely to be injured or killed. NOW is the time to evacuate! Inform Frostbite is a medical condition in which localized damage has been caused to skin and other tissues due to extended exposure to freezing temperatures. Frostbite usually occurs in the extremities (hands or feet) because they are farthest away from the heart and often most likely to be exposed. Frostbite occurs when the body stops circulating blood in an area of the body that is too cold. The body does this in order to preserve body heat and fight hypothermia. In severe cases, frostbite can lead to amputation. Describe When entering the art studio, the sight of various colors fills your eyes. The bright colors startle you as you look around, breathing in the smells of paper, canvas, crayons, and paint. Huge, vast windows fill one wall, overlooking a beautiful cityscape. Soft classical music plays in the background, providing inspiration for artists and their teachers. As you approach a sculpture, you are surprised to find that it feels warm and soft, despite it’s shiny, hard appearance. Every footstep, whisper, and other sounds are amplified in the hard, bright room. Entertain As a lion slept, a tiny mouse began to run up and down him. As the lion woke, he trapped the mouse with his paw and prepared to swallow the mouse. â€Å"Excuse me,† cried the mouse, â€Å"but if you let me go this time, I will never forget it. One day, I will return the favor.† The lion was so amused at the idea of a mouse being able to help a mighty lion that he let the mouse go. Some time later, the lion was caught in a trap and the hunters went to search for a wagon to carry him. The tiny mouse saw him and began to gnaw on the ropes of the trap until the lion was freed. â€Å"Was I not right?† said the tiny mouse. Persuade A turtle makes the very best pet. There are numerous advantages to buying a turtle instead of an uninteresting, messy, stinky dog. First, your turtle will use the bathroom in his cage or aquarium, making clean-up easy. You won’t be cleaning up a huge mess that a big dog can make anywhere! Second, have you ever been awakened at night by a loud, obnoxious barking turtle? Of course not, because turtles don’t bark! And finally, you won’t waste your afternoon walking your turtle since turtles can get all the exercise they need in their cage or aquarium without your help. It is clear that turtles are the better choice for a pet! advertsiements Persuade textbooks Inform Opinions Persuade Expository Essays Inform Instruction Explain Product Descriptions Describe Newspaper Articles Inform Poems Entertain Imagery Describe Campaign Speeches Persuade Recipes Explain How-to-Guides Explain Stories Entertain Steps Explain Procedures Explain Plays Entertain Persuasive Letters Persuade Biographies Inform Songs Entertain Non-Fiction Books Inform Descriptive Essays Describe

Law of Chemical Equilibrium (Definition)

Law of Chemical Equilibrium (Definition) When a chemical reaction is at equilibrium, the concentration of the reactants and the products remains the same over time. In other words, the forward and reverse chemical reaction are the same. Note: this does not mean the concentration of reactants and products is the same. There is a law that relates the concentration of reactants and products to the equilibrium constant: Law of Chemical Equilibrium Definition The Law of Chemical Equilibrium is a relation stating that in a reaction mixture at equilibrium, there is a condition (given by the equilibrium constant, Kc) relating the concentrations of the reactants and products. For the reactionaA(g) bB(g) ↔ cC(g) dD(g),Kc [ C ]c ·[ D ]d / [ A ]a ·[ B ]b Equilibrium Constant Example For example, for the chemical reaction: 2HI(g) ⇆ H2 I2(g) The equilibrium constant would be calculated by: Kc ([H2][I2] )/ [HI]2

Ethology on monogamy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethology on monogamy - Essay Example In the work of Eibl-Eibesfeldt it is arguable that men have a higher reproduction potential as opposed to women (235). This means that men can produce as many children as possible as opposed to the women (Eibl-Eibesfeldt 235). Ethologists also argue that men hold the perception that they can produce children, not take care of them and get away with it. The society in this case, has been categorized as a patriarchal one that sees propagation of genes, by the ones in control of the natural resources the means of production in the society (Eibl-Eibesfeldt 235). This trend needs to be replaced by monogamy. On the contrary, I would argue against this fact by indicating that women also have a way of accessing means of production, and having the number of children they wish as opposed to the archaic times. This will prevent the rising of groups of promiscuous men in the society. Adultery should, therefore, not be termed as a norm in the society. Eibl-Eibesfeldt says that in the globe today, women are also polyandrous, whereby women can marry as many men as they wish (236). Systems have in this case been reversed. On another viewpoint, Eibl-Eibesfeldt indicates that hyper-sexualization is immoral (235). In human beings, sexual behavior is as well for bonding as opposed to procreation exclusively. Besides the need to have children, there is need for a couple to have extended needs with their couples. Both the man and woman are able to care for children, usual for Homo sapiens. Group marriages are then disqualified; thus, man is not allowed to fall in love with other females (Eibl-Eibesfeld t 236). Sexual freedom is then confined to one person; an argument that leads to Eibl-Eibesfeldt indicating that patriarchal families need to be dissolved as they are unnatural and exploitive (236). Monogamous families are victorious, as one gender mostly the woman paves way for the leadership of the male as the head of the family, as opposed to the polygamous families, that have various centers of power. Jensen says that in monogamous marriages, both males and females bond for a while, and that both parents contribute to caring for the offspring (80). This clearly indicates that the males have no justification of leaving the child behind with the mother on the basis that the women need to care for the children. The males then have no time to look for other women but contribute equally in caring for their offspring. This concurs to the thoughts of Joanna, who indicates that monogamy is not an exception, but to a certain extent, a rule that ought to be adhered to by humans (256). Joa nna also indicates that females, without paternal assistance are clearly unable to raise their off springs in the right manner (263). The research also indicates that males and females need to take turns in caring for the child, an aspect that leads to the males having no option, but to care for their child, and not shift their attention to other females. Adultery, in this case, is forbidden. On a lighter note, Jensen indicates that men ought not to be monogamous as males will only maximize their reproductive prowess by assisting their mates in a joint offspring upbringing (80). Breeding with a huge number of females, creates a harsh situation whereby the females cannot defend themselves against competitors of the means of production, with the existing scarce resources. Additionally, males should not be polygamous as the physical environment is too insensitive and callous in a manner that the females cannot provide for their offspring single- handedly. Monogamous men are also instru mental in the planning of breeding dates; thus, ease the